Vieweg, S., Unger, R., Schröter, K., Donth, E., Heinrich, G.:
Frequency and temperature dependence of the small-strain behavior of
carbon-black filled vulcanizates
Vieweg, S., Unger, R., Schröter, K., Donth, E., Heinrich, G.:
Frequency and temperature dependence of the small-strain behavior of
carbon-black filled vulcanizates,
Polymer Networks and Blends
5 (1995) 199–204.
The strain amplitude dependencies of the viscoelastic properties (Payne effect) of styrene-butadiene, butyl, and natural rubbers with different carbon black loadings were investigated up to strain amplitudes of 20 per cent. The temperature and frequency dependence of the Payne effect, i.e., the decrease of storage shear modulus, G′, with increasing amplitude, and the appearance of a loss modulus, G″, maximum at strains of about one per cent, were analyzed using the filler deagglomeration-reagglomeration model of Kraus. We found that the strain amplitude exponent m, i.e., the shape parameter of the relationship between the moduli G′, G″ and the strain amplitude, does not depend on temperature and frequency in a wide range of practical importance. This universal feature of the filler reinforcing in rubber vulcanizates is discussed to be related to some universal properties of the physical roughness of carbon-black particle surface.
Keywords: Carbon Black Filled Rubbers; Dynamic Mechanical Analysis; Filler Networking; Payne Effect